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Astronomers using the powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have detected signs of auroral activity on an isolated brown dwarf outside the Solar System.
The failed star known as W1935 is more massive than Jupiter, and exhibited infrared emissions from methane — a finding that has puzzled scientists due to the brown dwarf's cold nature and lack of a hotstar to provide energy for such atmospheric phenomena.
The revelation was shared at the 243rd meeting of the American Astronomical Society in New Orleans, where researchers presented their findings and theories behind this unexpected occurrence.
The team, led by Jackie Faherty from the American Museum of Natural History, had been investigating 12 cold brown dwarfs when they stumbled upon the unique emission from W1935.
Typically, aurorae are generated when charged particles from a star, like our Sun, interact with a planet's magnetic field, resulting in stunning light displays near the poles. However, W1935's situation is unique; it does not orbit a star, and thus lacks an external source of charged particles.
This has led scientists to speculate that the aurora-like emissions could be due to internal processes similar to those observed in the gas giants of our solar system or interactions with interstellar plasma or a potentially undiscovered active moon.
The JWST's sensitive instruments allowed for a detailed comparison between W1935 and another brown dwarf, W2220, which appeared nearly identical in composition, brightness, and temperature. Yet, W1935 stood out due to its methane emissions rather than the expected absorption features seen in W2220.
This anomaly prompted further investigation using computer models, which revealed a temperature inversion in W1935's atmosphere — temperatures increased with altitude, contrary to what is typically expected.
Ben Burningham, a co-author from the University of Hertfordshire and lead modeler on the work, expressed his astonishment at the findings, noting the rarity of such temperature inversions without an obvious external heat source. The team drew parallels to similar atmospheric behaviors in Jupiter and Saturn, where airorae contribute to stratospheric heating.
W1935 marks the first instance of an auroral candidate outside our solar system identified through methane emission signatures. With an effective temperature of about 400 degrees Fahrenheit (200 degrees Celsius), it is also the coldest known auroral candidate beyond our solar neighborhood.
© Provided by India Today
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